Regardless of experience or training background, physicians and healthcare providers can much more adequately assess opioid therapy with the aid of Urine Drug Testing, which often requires confirmatory testing by a laboratory for clinical and therapeutic prescribing decisions. It has become a strongly recommended aspect of pain care with controlled substances locally, regionally, and nationally. Incorporating UDT for all patients in whom chronic opioid therapy is undertaken is consistent with state and national guidelines and best practice strategies. Practice standards vary as to the frequency of UDT locally, regionally, and nationally, however.

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Chakravarthy_et_al-2021-Current_Pain_and_Headache_Reports